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what are 3 things humans do to effect climate achange

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This graph, based on the comparison of atmospheric samples contained in ancient ice cores and more recent direct measurements, provides evidence that atmospheric CO2 has increased dramatically since the Industrial Revolution compared to paleoclimatologic (past climate) measurements over the past 800,000 years.. (Source: [[LINK||http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/icecore/||NOAA]])

This graph, based on the comparison of atmospheric samples contained in ancient ice cores and more contempo direct measurements, provides bear witness that atmospheric CO2 has increased dramatically since the Industrial Revolution compared to paleoclimatologic (past climate) measurements over the by 800,000 years. (Credit: Luthi, D., et al.. 2008; Etheridge, D.K., et al. 2010; Vostok ice core information/J.R. Petit et al.; NOAA Mauna Loa COii record.) Observe out more than about ice cores (external site).

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In Brief:

Direct observations made on and above Earth's surface show the planet's climate is significantly changing. Homo activities are the main driver of those changes.

World'south climate has changed throughout history. Simply in the last 650,000 years in that location have been seven cycles of glacial advance and retreat, with the abrupt end of the concluding ice age about 11,700 years agone marking the beginning of the modern climate era — and of man civilization. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very small variations in World's orbit that alter the amount of solar free energy our planet receives.

Scientific prove for warming of the climate arrangement is unequivocal.

The current warming trend is of item significance because information technology is unequivocally the result of human activity since the mid-20th century and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented over millennia.one Information technology is undeniable that human activities have warmed the atmosphere, sea, and land and that widespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere, body of water, cryosphere, and biosphere have occurred.

World-orbiting satellites and other technological advances have enabled scientists to run into the large picture, collecting many different types of data almost our planet and its climate on a global scale. This body of information, collected over many years, reveals the signals of a changing climate.

The heat-trapping nature of carbon dioxide and other gases was demonstrated in the mid-19th century.2 Their power to affect the transfer of infrared energy through the atmosphere is the scientific footing of many instruments flown by NASA. There is no question that increased levels of greenhouse gases must crusade World to warm in response.

Water ice cores drawn from Greenland, Antarctica, and tropical mount glaciers show that Earth'south climate responds to changes in greenhouse gas levels. Ancient show can also be found in tree rings, sea sediments, coral reefs, and layers of sedimentary rocks. This ancient, or paleoclimate, testify reveals that current warming is occurring roughly ten times faster than the average rate of ice-historic period-recovery warming. Carbon dioxide from homo activity is increasing more than 250 times faster than information technology did from natural sources after the last Ice Age.3

The evidence for rapid climate change is compelling:

Global Temperature Ascension

  • The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 2.0 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century

    The planet's boilerplate surface temperature has risen about two degrees Fahrenheit (i degrees Celsius) since the belatedly 19th century, a alter driven largely past increased carbon dioxide emissions into the temper and other human activities.four Near of the warming occurred in the past 40 years, with the seven most recent years being the warmest. The years 2016 and 2020 are tied for the warmest twelvemonth on record. v

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  • An indicator of current global average temperature as measured by NASA, updated monthly.

    An indicator of current global boilerplate temperature equally measured past NASA; updated annually.

  • An overview of the greenhouse effect and other contributors to abrupt climate change.

    An overview of the greenhouse effect and other contributors to sharp climate change.

  • A visualization of global temperature changes since 1880 based on NASA GISS data.

    A visualization of global temperature changes since 1880 based on NASA GISS data.

Warming Ocean

  • The ocean has absorbed much of this increased heat, with the top 100 meters (about 328 feet) of ocean showing warming of more than 0.6 degrees Fahrenheit since 1969.

    The ocean has captivated much of this increased heat, with the tiptop 100 meters (about 328 feet) of ocean showing warming of more 0.half-dozen degrees Fahrenheit (0.33 degrees Celsius) since 1969.6 Earth stores xc% of the extra energy in the ocean.

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  • An overview of the ocean's role in climate change and how it stores and releases heat from the atmosphere.

    An overview of the ocean's part in climate change and how it stores and releases estrus from the temper.

  • A lighthearted look at the effect of climate change on the world's ocean and the heat capacity of water.

    A lighthearted look at the result of climate modify on the world's ocean and the heat capacity of water.

  • Ocean waters melting the undersides of Antarctic ice shelves are responsible for most of the continent's ice shelf mass loss, a new study by NASA and university researchers has found.

    Warming sea waters melting the undersides of Antarctic water ice shelves, leading to calving increases at the ice fronts, are responsible for most of the continent's water ice shelf mass loss, a study by NASA and university researchers constitute. Ice lost from the water ice sheets' margins far exceed whatever gains in the interiors.

Shrinking Ice Sheets

  • The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have decreased in mass

    The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have decreased in mass. Information from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment show Greenland lost an boilerplate of 279 billion tons of water ice per year between 1993 and 2019, while Antarctica lost about 148 billion tons of ice per year.vii

    Image: Flowing meltwater from the Greenland ice sheet

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  • An indicator of the current volume and the Antarctica and Greenland ice sheets using data from NASA's Grace satellite.

    An indicator of the current volume and the Antarctica and Greenland ice sheets using data from NASA's Grace satellite.

  • An interactive exploration of how global warming is affecting sea ice, glaciers, and continental ice sheets world wide.

    An interactive exploration of how global warming is affecting body of water ice, glaciers, and continental ice sheets world wide.

Glacial Retreat

  • Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world — including in the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alaska, and Africa.

    Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the globe — including in the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alaska, and Africa.8

    Image: The disappearing snowcap of Mount Kilimanjaro, from space.

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  • An interactive exploration of how global warming is affecting sea ice, glaciers, and continental ice sheets worldwide.

    An interactive exploration of how global warming is affecting sea ice, glaciers, and continental ice sheets worldwide.

Decreased Snow Encompass

  • Satellite observations reveal that the amount of spring snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere has decreased over the past five decades and the snow is melting earlier

    Satellite observations reveal that the corporeality of spring snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere has decreased over the by five decades and the snow is melting before.nine

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  • As an information and referral center in support of polar and cryospheric research,NSIDC archives and distributes digital and analog snow, ice, and soil moisture data

    As an information and referral heart in support of polar and cryospheric research, NSIDC athenaeum and distributes digital and analog snowfall, water ice, and soil moisture data.

  • Time series of global snow cover from NASA's Earth Observatory.

    Time serial of global snow cover from NASA'southward Earth Observatory.

Sea Level Rise

  • Global sea level rose about 8 inches (20 centimeters) in the last century. The rate in the last two decades, however, is nearly double that of the last century and accelerating slightly every year

    Global body of water level rose virtually 8 inches (xx centimeters) in the last century. The charge per unit in the last two decades, however, is nearly double that of the concluding century and accelerating slightly every year.ten

    Image: Democracy of Maldives: Vulnerable to sea level ascension

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  • An indicator of current global sea level as measured by satellites, updated monthly.

    An indicator of electric current global sea level equally measured past satellites, updated monthly.

  • Test your knowledge of sea level rise with this interactive quiz.

    Exam your cognition of sea level rise with this interactive quiz.

Declining Chill Sea Water ice

  • Both the extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly over the last several decades

    Both the extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly over the last several decades.11

    Image: Visualization of the 2012 Arctic body of water water ice minimum, the lowest on tape

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  • An indicator of changes in the Arctic sea ice minimum over time. Arctic sea ice extent both affects and is affected by global climate change.

    An indicator of changes in the Arctic bounding main water ice minimum over fourth dimension. Chill body of water ice extent both affects and is affected by global climatic change.

  • An interactive exploration of how global warming is affecting sea ice, glaciers, and continental ice sheets worldwide.

    An interactive exploration of how global warming is affecting sea ice, glaciers, and continental ice sheets worldwide.

  • NASA's Operation IceBridge imaged Earth's polar ice in unprecedented detail to better understand processes that connect the polar regions with the global climate system.

    NASA'south Operation IceBridge imaged Earth's polar ice in unprecedented detail to better understand processes that connect the polar regions with the global climate system.

Extreme Events

  • Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world — including in the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alaska, and Africa.

    The number of record loftier temperature events in the The states has been increasing, while the number of tape low temperature events has been decreasing, since 1950. The U.S. has besides witnessed increasing numbers of intense rainfall events.12

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  • The official website for NASA's fleet of Earth science missions that study rainfall and other types precipitation around the globe.

    The official website for NASA'due south fleet of Earth science missions that report rainfall and other types precipitation around the globe.

  • Earth's water is stored in ice and snow, lakes and rivers, the atmosphere and the ocean. How much do you know about how water is cycled around our planet and the crucial role it plays in our climate?

    Earth's water is stored in ice and snow, lakes and rivers, the atmosphere and the ocean. How much do you know virtually how water is cycled around our planet and the crucial role it plays in our climate?

Ocean Acidification

  • Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the acidity of surface ocean waters has increased by about 30%.

    Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the acidity of surface ocean waters has increased by about thirty%.13, 14 This increase is the result of humans emitting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and hence more than being absorbed into the sea. The body of water has absorbed between 20% and 30% of total anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions in recent decades (seven.2 to 10.8 billion metric tons per year).fifteen,16

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  • Graphic about how increased greenhouse gases from human activities result in climate change and ocean acidification.

    Graphic almost how increased greenhouse gases from man activities result in climate change and ocean acidification.

  • NOAA page on ocean acidification.

    NOAA folio on bounding main acidification.

References

  1. IPCC 6th Cess Report, Summary for Policymakers.

    https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/#SPM

    B.D. Santer et.al., "

    A search for human influences on the thermal structure of the atmosphere," Nature vol 382, 4 July 1996, 39-46

    Gabriele C. Hegerl, "Detecting Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change with an Optimal Fingerprint Method," Journal of Climate, five. ix, Oct 1996, 2281-2306

    V. Ramaswamy et.al., "Anthropogenic and Natural Influences in the Development of Lower Stratospheric Cooling," Science 311 (24 Feb 2006), 1138-1141

    B.D. Santer et.al., "Contributions of Anthropogenic and Natural Forcing to Recent Tropopause Acme Changes," Science vol. 301 (25 July 2003), 479-483.

    T. Westerhold et. al., "An astronomically dated record of Earth's climate and its predictability over the last 66 million years," Scientific discipline vol. 369 (eleven Sept. 2020), 1383-1387.

  2. In 1824, Joseph Fourier calculated that an Globe-sized planet, at our altitude from the Sun, ought to be much colder. He suggested something in the atmosphere must be acting similar an insulating blanket. In 1856, Eunice Foote discovered that coating, showing that carbon dioxide and h2o vapor in Earth's atmosphere trap escaping infrared (oestrus) radiation.

    In the 1860s, physicist John Tyndall recognized Globe's natural greenhouse consequence and suggested that slight changes in the atmospheric composition could bring about climatic variations. In 1896, a seminal paper by Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius first predicted that changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels could essentially change the surface temperature through the greenhouse effect.

    In 1938, Guy Callendar connected carbon dioxide increases in Earth's temper to global warming. In 1941, Milutin Milankovic linked water ice ages to Earth'south orbital characteristics. Gilbert Plass formulated the Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climate change in 1956.

  3. Vostok ice cadre information; NOAA Mauna Loa CO2 record
    Gaffney, O.; Steffen, W. (2017). "The Anthropocene equation," The Anthropocene Review (Volume iv, Issue one, April 2017), 53-61.

  4. https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-references/faq/indicators.php

    https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/temperature/​

    http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp

  5. https://www.giss.nasa.gov/inquiry/news/20170118/

  6. Levitus, Due south.; Antonov, J.; Boyer, T.; Baranova, O.; Garcia, H.; Locarnini, R.; Mishonov, A.; Reagan, J.; Seidov, D.; Yarosh, Eastward.; Zweng, M. (2017). NCEI sea estrus content, temperature anomalies, salinity anomalies, thermosteric sea level anomalies, halosteric sea level anomalies, and total steric sea level anomalies from 1955 to nowadays calculated from in situ oceanographic subsurface profile data (NCEI Accession 0164586). Version 4.iv. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Dataset. doi: ten.7289/V53F4MVP

    https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/3M_HEAT_CONTENT/index3.html

    von Schuckmann, K., Cheng, 50., Palmer, D., Hansen, J., Tassone, C., Aich, Five., Adusumilli, S., Beltrami, H., Boyer, T., Cuesta-Valero, F., Desbruyeres, D., Domingues, C., Garcia-Garcia, A., Gentine, P., Gilson, J., Gorfer, Thou., Haimberger, Fifty., Ishii, Thousand., Johnson, Yard., Killick, R., King, B., Kirchengast. G., Kolodziejczyk, N., Lyman, J., Marzeion, B., Mayer, One thousand., Monier, Grand., Monselesan, D., Purkey, Southward., Roemmich, D., Schweiger, A., Seneviratne, South., Shepherd, A., Slater, D., Steiner, A., Straneo, F., Timmermans, ML., Wijffels, S. (2020). Heat stored in the Earth system: where does the free energy go? Earth Organisation Science Data (Volume 12, Result 3, 07 September 2020), 2013-2041.

  7. Velicogna, I., Mohajerani, Y., A, G., Landerer, F., Mouginot, J., Noel, B., Rignot, East., Sutterly, T., van den Broeke, M., van Wessem, M., Wiese, D. (2020). Continuity of ice canvass mass loss in Greenland and Antarctica from the GRACE and GRACE Follow‐On missions. Geophysical Research Letters (Book 47, Issue eight, 28 Apr 2020, e2020GL087291.

  8. National Snow and Ice Data Eye

    World Glacier Monitoring Service

  9. National Snow and Ice Information Middle

    Robinson, D. A., D. Chiliad. Hall, and T. L. Mote. 2014. MEaSUREs Northern Hemisphere Terrestrial Snow Embrace Extent Daily 25km EASE-Grid 2.0, Version 1. [Indicate subset used]. Boulder, Colorado United states. NASA National Snowfall and Ice Information Center Distributed Active Archive Center. doi: https://doi.org/10.5067/MEASURES/CRYOSPHERE/nsidc-0530.001. [Accessed 9/21/eighteen].

    http://nsidc.org/cryosphere/sotc/snow_extent.html

    Rutgers University Global Snow Lab, Data History Accessed September 21, 2018.

  10. R. Due south. Nerem, B. D. Beckley, J. T. Fasullo, B. D. Hamlington, D. Masters and M. T. Mitchum. "Climate-change–driven accelerated sea-level rise detected in the altimeter era." PNAS, 2018 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717312115
  11. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/sotc/sea_ice.html
    Pan-Chill Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation Organisation (PIOMAS, Zhang and Rothrock, 2003)
    http://psc.apl.washington.edu/research/projects/arctic-sea-ice-volume-anomaly/
    http://psc.apl.uw.edu/research/projects/projections-of-an-water ice-diminished-arctic-ocean/

  12. USGCRP, 2017: Climate Scientific discipline Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I [Wuebbles, D.J., D.W. Fahey, Grand.A. Hibbard, D.J. Dokken, B.C. Stewart, and T.K. Maycock (eds.)]. U.Due south. Global Change Inquiry Programme, Washington, DC, United states, 470 pp, doi: ten.7930/J0J964J6

  13. http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/What+is+Ocean+Acidification%3F

  14. http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Acidification

  15. C. Fifty. Sabine et.al., "The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO2," Scientific discipline vol. 305 (16 July 2004), 367-371

  16. Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Irresolute Climate, Technical Summary, Chapter TS.5, Irresolute Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities, Department 5.ii.ii.iii.
    https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/chapter/technical-summary/

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Source: https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/

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